Fried Frailty Phenotype in Elderly Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Impact on Hospitalization

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with frailty and impact of frailty on hospitalization due to any cause in elderly patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Patients and Methods:We conducted a study wherein we assessed frailty using Fried frailty phenotype for outpatients aged ≥60 years with CCS.Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with frailty.Frailty was adjusted for demographic and geriatric variables and comorbidities to assess its impact on hospitalization.Results: Overall, 420 patients (median age 70 years [interquartile range, 65-77]; men, 74.5%) who completed the 3-month follow-up period were analyzed.Coronary revascularization for > 1 year was the most common clinical scenario for CCS (59.8%; n = 251).The prevalence of non-frail, pre-frail, and frail patients were 22.4% (n = 94), 49.7% (n = 209), and 27.9% (n = 117), respectively.In the adjusted model, three factors associated with frailty were age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-3.75,P = 0.001), limitations in instrumental activity of daily living (OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.33-6.48,P < 0.001), and heart failure (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.32-4.02,P = 0.003).The overall 3-month hospitalization rate was higher in frail patients than in non-frail patients (23.9% vs 13.5%, P = 0.012).Frailty was associated with hospitalization (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.04-3.30,P = 0.037) but in a weak strength of association (r = 0.126). Conclusion:The prevalence of frailty was 27.9% in the elderly patients with CCS.Age ≥ 75 years, limitations in functional status, and heart failure were associated with increased odds of frailty.Frailty was a predictor of 3-month all-cause hospitalization in these patients.