Incidence and Management of Ocular Surface Disorders

Background-Ocular surface disorders (OSDs), caused by damage or component deficiency, disrupt ocular surface integrity, affecting visual function and individual comfort.Increased population, computer use, and side effects contribute to this condition.This study examines cases attending the outer patient department (OPD) and those admitted to the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO).Methods-The study examined 150 eyes of 109 patients admitted to the RIO, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal.Symptoms included foreign body sensation, burning, dryness, vision blurring, photophobia, discharge, ocular fatigue, itching, pain, and redness.The tear meniscus was evaluated, with a tear meniscus height <0.5 mm between the eyelid margin and inferior bulbar conjunctiva as an indication of aqueous tear deficiency. Results-The study reveals that Dry Eye was prevalent in males and females, with an incidence of 26.21% in the 41-50-year age group.The incidence increased with age, with males having a higher incidence of 59.22% than females.Blepharitis was more common in females, with a higher incidence of 68.50%.Most eyes in the dry eye group had scanty tear meniscus, followed by intact (25.24%), markedly diminished (22.33%), and absent (11.65%).Pterygium patients have entire tear meniscus, while chemical burn cases have a low Break-Up Time (BUT).In dry eye, the Tear Film Break-Up Time (TF BUT) is significant, with a low BUT of 6.1-10 seconds. Conclusion-The study found that dry eye is prevalent in males and females, with a 26.21% incidence in the 41-50-year age group.Blepharitis is more common in females.The tear meniscus in dry eyes varies.