Electronically Reconfigurable Radiation Pattern using Vivaldi Antenna

Beam steering antennas, also known as pattern reconfigurable antennas, are essential components in modern wireless communication systems. They are designed to direct their radiation beam toward specified directions, enabling them to withstand interference and adapt to their surrounding environment. This research paper presents antennas that possess such qualities. A novel Vivaldi antenna is constructed using an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.025. Here, an array is created with three, four, and five Vivaldi antennas. Each design incorporates Vivaldi antennas that are all linked to a coaxial feed line through a PIN connection. The array of antennas operates at a frequency of 2.8 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.7 GHz to 2.9 GHz. By switching the PIN diodes in the ON-OFF state, the beam of the three-element array antenna can be tuned at a 120-degree angle in the azimuthal plane. Moreover, the four-element array antenna and the five-element array antenna have the capability to rotate the beam at angles of 90° and 72°, respectively, in the azimuthal plane.