Urdu Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) Questionnaires: A Reliability Analysis in Pakistani Children

Background. Physical literacy is vital for addressing children’s health issues such as childhood obesity, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior. However, there is a lack of research on PL assessment in Pakistan. This study is aimed at translating and cross-culturally adapting the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) tool and establishing its validity and reliability in the Pakistani population. Methods. The CAPL-2 was translated to Urdu employing the translation and back translation method. A cross-sectional study involving 350 school children (8-12 years) from Multan, South Punjab, evaluated the CAPL-2U version’s reliability. Results. Expert consensus and pilot testing successfully achieved translation, cross-cultural adaptation, face and content validity. The CAPL-2U demonstrated excellent reliability and internal consistency across the domains. Specifically, daily behavior domain had an internal consistency of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mi>α</a:mi><a:mo>=</a:mo><a:mn>0.964</a:mn></a:math> and test-retest reliability of <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mtext>ICC</c:mtext><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>0.930</c:mn></c:math> . Knowledge and understanding domain showed internal consistency ranging from <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>α</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>0.906</e:mn></e:math> to 0.986 and test-retest reliability of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mtext>ICC</g:mtext><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mn>0.827</g:mn></g:math> to 0.986. The motivation and confidence domain had an internal consistency of <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><i:mi>α</i:mi><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>0.923</i:mn></i:math> to 0.997 and test-retest reliability of <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><k:mtext>ICC</k:mtext><k:mo>=</k:mo><k:mn>0.857</k:mn></k:math> to 0.993. The correlation between test-retest results for knowledge and understanding and motivation and confidence domains was <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><m:mi>r</m:mi><m:mo>=</m:mo><m:mn>0.318</m:mn></m:math> to 0.973. However, two items in the motivation and confidence domain showed discrepancies in test-retest outcomes. Conclusion. The study confirms the successful translation and adaptation of the CAPL-2 questionnaire for use in Urdu and Pakistani contexts. The findings endorse the tool’s reliability and suitability for assessing physical literacy in Pakistan’s children aged 8-12.