On the 3-3-1 Landau pole

The Minimal 331 Model (m331) offers a compelling extension of the Standard Model, with a rich particle content that allows for exciting phenomenological possibilities. The parameter space of the theory, however, remains relatively unconstrained. Regarding its effective range of validity, it is understood in the literature that the U(1)X coupling diverges at around , which threatens the character of the theory as fundamental. In this work, we rederive the running of the electroweak gauge couplings through a more precise, effective approach, in which the complete parametrization of the full 3-3-1 symmetry is considered at all energies. We show that this more rigorous description guarantees a larger perturbative range for the m331, with a most conservative upper limit going up to around . We also reconsider the usefulness of a relation which eliminates a free parameter of the model in favour of known quantities, regularly invoked within the m331 context.