Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture

Climate change is a fact that is happening in most regions of the world, the increase of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), temperature increase and precipitation fluctuations are among the components of climate change that are the result of agricultural products and in general, the production of the agriculture sector will undergo many changes in the future. It is important to know the effects of this phenomenon on agricultural crops and their effect on the yield of plants, as well as to identify strategies compatible with this phenomenon in the agriculture sector, especially the issues of water consumption, production and ensuring food security in every country. Among the methods adapted to climate change, changes in the type of product and the pattern of cultivation and production by creating cultivars resistant to environmental stresses (drought, salinity and heat). play an important role. In this article, by studying and summarizing reliable global and domestic sources, the effects of climate change on agricultural products from the aspects of thermal stress, increased water demand and the reaction of plants to CO2, in general, the efficiency of water consumption and production in the agricultural sector are identified and discussed also the methods, compatible with a number of solutions in this field have been presented.