October 9, 2025Jurnal Basataka (JBT)Open Access

Surface-Level Errors in Efl Writing: A Taxonomic Study of Junior High School Students Descriptive Texts in Grade Ix SMP Negri 23 Medan

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Misformation errors were identified as the most common type at 36.1%, indicating significant challenges for students.
Common errors were categorized into four types: omission (28.8%), addition (23%), and misordering (12%), affecting overall writing quality.
Using the Surface Strategy Taxonomy framework, this observational analysis highlights recurring linguistic difficulties among students.
The findings emphasize the need for targeted grammar instruction and corrective feedback to improve students' writing skills.

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Qualitative analysis reveals misformation as the most common error type in EFL writing, highlighting instructional needs.

Saragi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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