Assessing the adaptability of transit-oriented development indicators and structural-functional pathologies in the central fabric of Zanjan

Transit-oriented development (TOD) in historic urban fabric involves designing and implementing transportation systems that enhance accessibility, reduce traffic congestion, and preserve the cultural and historical identity of old neighborhoods. This approach is crucial in historic cities and traditional urban cores with significant cultural and social value. However, due to poor spatial management and inefficient accessibility-based planning, traffic congestion and unsustainable transportation patterns have resulted in undesirable spatial flows and increased public costs. This study employs an analytical-exploratory method to examine and assess TOD indicators in the central fabric of Zanjan. Data collection was conducted through both library research and field studies. Data analysis employed geographic information system-based methods, specifically the calculation of the Optimal Accessibility Index, inverse distance weighting interpolation, and weighted overlay network analysis in ArcGIS 10.8. The evaluation focused on key indicators such as population density, land use, land use diversity, activity center distribution, and transportation capacity. Based on the spatial mobility index using Euclidean geometry, 31% of the central fabric exhibited a balance between population mobility and activity distribution, allowing residents to access services within short distances due to land use diversity and mixed-use development. However, the central area of Zanjan does not align with TOD principles due to narrow and irregular street networks, uncoordinated intersections, high traffic volumes, and an underdeveloped public transportation system. To enhance TOD compatibility in Zanjan’s historic fabric, it is essential to limit private vehicle use, relocate incompatible land uses, encourage walking and cycling, maintain population density, and prevent the conversion of residential areas into commercial or service-oriented spaces.