Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District

This study evaluates the potential for implementing Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Kabul’s 11th District, a rapidly urbanizing area facing automobile dependency and informal growth. A quantitative TOD index, structured into four core dimensions (density, diversity, design, and accessibility) comprising six quantitative parameters, was applied to each of the 34 bus stations in the district. By utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), normalized scores were calculated to produce a composite index. Results reveal significant spatial variation: Khosht Okhtif station achieved the highest score (0.51), while the 315 District scored lowest (0.00). The findings indicate that while planned zones exhibit localized TOD potential, strategic, integrated transport policy interventions are essential to overcome infrastructural and institutional limitations. This study offers a replicable methodology for TOD evaluation in post-conflict urban contexts and provides policy insights for fostering sustainable urban development, inclusive growth, and transit-supportive mobility in Kabul.