Experimental study finds no significant nephrotoxic effects in Wistar rats, suggesting D’General Bitters safe for short-term use.
Purpose: To evaluate the potential nephrotoxic effects of D’General Bitters through histopathological analysis.Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats weighing between 195 and 230 g were used for the study. Twelve rats were used for acute toxicity test while another 20 was randomly divided into 2 groups; study group (n = 15) and control group (n = 5). Study group was further divided into 3 groups based on doses administered. Control group received standard feed and water while study group received varying doses of D’General Bitters (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mL for 6 weeks). Acute toxicity was assessed using the OECDGuideline 425. Histological analysis was conducted to evaluate renal structural integrity after administration of the herbal preparation.Results: Histopathological examinations showed no significant renal structural damage across all dosage groups.Conclusion: While D’General Bitters did not cause significant histological and gross morphological damage, further studies are recommended to assess long-term effects and ensure safe use.
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Onyejike et al. (2025) studied this question.
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