Analyzing the Prevalence and Factor Contributing to Examination Malpractice in Nigerian University (Case Study Federal University Lokoja)

This study investigates the prevalence and underlying factors of examination malpractice at Nigerian University using a mixed-methods approach. It explores the extent of malpractice across faculties and academic levels, socio-economic drivers, and the academic and institutional consequences. Results reveal that examination malpractice remains a significant challenge, with a notable proportion of students reporting direct involvement or observation. Although, financial pressures and family expectations were not consistently cited as major contributors, the competitive job market emerged as a key factor motivating unethical practices. The study also highlights the detrimental effects of malpractice on students' academic performance, professional readiness, and the university's reputation. To address these issues, a multifaceted approach is recommended, including stricter enforcement of regulations, targeted awareness campaigns, enhanced student support services, and periodic policy reviews to strengthen academic integrity and institutional credibility.