MEG Analysis of Cortical Activity and Network Topology During the Interictal Period of Migraine Without Aura

Background: Migraine is the most common primary headache disorder encountered in clinical practice and is associated with a significantly reduced quality of life. Despite abundant research, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind migraine development remain unclear. Literature reviews indicate that most studies utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), often yielding inconsistent results. In contrast magnetoencephalography (MEG) offers superior temporal and spatial resolution, making it better suited for capturing the neural dynamics underlying migraine without aura (MwoA). Methods: MEG data were obtained from 33 migraine cases and 22 healthy controls (HC). We used Minimum norm estimation (MNE) combined with Welch’s technique for spectral power analysis, and graph theory for network topology analysis. Results: Significant group differences were observed in the theta and alpha bands spectral power, with the MwoA group exhibiting increased theta power and decreased alpha power relative to HC. Graph theory analysis revealed a higher path length in the MwoA group compared to the HC group. Conclusions: Individuals with MwoA demonstrate distinct alterations in cortical excitability and functional network organization. These findings suggest that MwoA is associated with impaired information integration. The opposing patterns of increased and decreased cortical excitability across frequency bands further underscore the complex and multifaceted nature of MwoA pathology. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms and functional network disruptions underlying MwoA pathophysiology.