Anthropometric profiles in hypertensive adults: a gender-specific comparative study

Hypertension is a global health concern linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies suggest that biochemical markers such as omega-3 fatty acids, calcitonin, and calcium play key roles in vascular health and blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to assess the plasma levels of these biomarkers and their association with anthropometric and blood pressure parameters in hypertensive individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 participants: 45 newly diagnosed hypertensive adults and 45 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls from NAUTH, Nnewi. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure readings were recorded. Plasma omega-3 fatty acids were measured using GC-MS, while serum calcitonin and calcium levels were assessed via ELISA and colorimetric methods. Results showed significantly higher BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensives (p < 0.05). Plasma omega-3 levels were lower in hypertensives (269.41±128.40 ng/L) compared to controls (931.05±607.61 ng/L, p < 0.001). Calcitonin and calcium levels were higher in hypertensive participants (p < 0.001, 0.044). Gender differences revealed higher blood pressure and calcitonin levels in hypertensive females. A positive correlation between omega-3 and calcitonin was observed (r = 0.498, p = 0.048). The study highlights the potential roles of these biomarkers in hypertension pathophysiology and personalized management.