Comparative Analysis of Complications Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Simple Versus Complex Renal Calculi: A Prospective Observational Study Using the Modified Clavien Grading System.

Introduction- Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones, is a common urological problem that affects 10–15% of people worldwide. Comorbidities, climate, and food choices all have an impact. When it comes to treating large and complicated stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is still the gold standard. PCNL has inherent hazards even if treatment gives excellent rates of stone removal, especially when dealing with complicated calculi as staghorn stones. This prospective observational Methods: study was conducted on 66 patients undergoing PCNL for renal calculi. Patients were categorized into two groups: simple stones (n = 43) and complex stones (n = 23). Postoperative complications were classified using MCGS and analyzed over the first three postoperative days. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests for association. Simple stones were more prevalent ( Results: 65.15%) than complex stones (34.85%). ICU admission was required in 33.33% on POD1, reducing to 16.67% by POD3. Total complication analysis showed 36.36% required pharmacological treatment, 30.30% ICU care, 16.67% minor deviation, and 16.67% surgical intervention. Cross-tabulation analyses indicated no statistically significant association between stone type and complication severity across all measured outcomes (p-values > 0.05). Reintervention was needed in 71.21% of cases. While complication rates following PCNL were high in bo Conclusion: th groups, there was no statistically significant difference between simple and complex stone cases in terms of complication severity or type. These findings support PCNL as a viable treatment option irrespective of stone complexity, though close postoperative monitoring is warranted.