Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals by Using

The contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals is considered a significant environmental concerns, with the problem intensifying rapidly due to shifts in industrial practices. Even in trace quantities, heavy metals and metalloids, such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic, are toxic and carcinogenic, representing a significant threat to agricultural production and human health. Additionally, prolonged exposure to these heavy metals can cause adverse health effects in humans and other living organisms. Heavy metals are non-degradable and tend to accumulate in soil, meaning their removal is necessary. One of the more sophisticated techniques for the remediation of heavy metals is utilizing biological methods, which employ naturally occurring microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas. Bioremediation is a superior method for the elimination of heavy metals in comparison to other approaches due to its environmentally benign nature, economic viability, and minimal labor and effort requirements, bioremediation is a superior method for the elimination of heavy metals in comparison to other approaches. Pseudomonas species can absorb heavy metals from soil and utilize these toxic contaminants in their metabolic processes, or transforming them into less or non-toxic forms. This review is focused on the studies that used the Pseudomonas genus is utilized for heavy metal bioremediation in contaminated soil. Notably, applying this strategy as a sustainable environmental technology in the near future has shown synergistic benefits with marked-fold increases in removing heavy metals from soil.