Transformation of Coal Export Logistics Under the Conditions of Geographical Differentiation of Foreign Trade Directions

The article examines the transformation of coal export logistics channels from Russia in the context of geographical differentiation of foreign trade directions. Based on statistical data for 2015–2024, a set of regression analyses (linear, relative, and logarithmic models) was conducted, which revealed a stable trend of redistribution of export flows in favor of seaports. The findings confirmed the declining role of land routes and the emergence of a structural shift in the logistics architecture of coal exports to countries sharing a land border with Russia. The development of a context diagram in the IDEF0 notation and its decomposition enabled the formalization of the maritime logistics channel as a unified functional block, encompassing key stakeholders, the regulatory framework, and infrastructural elements. The practical significance of the study lies in the applicability of the proposed model for bottleneck analysis, optimization, and enhancement of the resilience of export logistics.