Comparison of the Economic Efficiency of Traditional and “Smart” Energy Networks (Smart Grid)

In the context of the global transformation of the energy sector, special attention is being paid to the search for more efficient and sustainable forms of electricity management. One such solution is smart energy grids, which can improve reliability, reduce losses, and lower costs in the long term. This study focuses on a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of traditional energy systems and smart grids, using indicators such as capital and operational expenditures, payback period, network losses, and automation level. Empirical data and case studies from countries that have implemented smart grid technologies are summarized. The analysis concludes that smart grids can be economically viable under certain institutional and infrastructural conditions.