Effects of Arm and Leg High-Intensity Interval Training on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: Protocol for a Pilot Study

Context High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated potential for improving both motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite this promise, there is limited evidence regarding the feasibility and acceptability of HIIT protocols that integrate both upper and lower limb activity, particularly in individuals with mild to moderate PD. Objective To evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a novel HIIT protocol using a combined arm-and-leg ergometer in individuals with mild to moderate PD. Design A three-arm, parallel-group, randomized pilot trial. Setting University-based clinical exercise physiology laboratory. Participants Individuals with mild to moderate PD will be recruited from the local community and clinical networks. Intervention Participants will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: 1) control (usual care), 2) HIIT using a combined arm-and-leg ergometer added to usual care, or 3) HIIT using a leg-only ergometer added to usual care. HIIT sessions will be conducted three times per week for 8 wk. Main Outcome Measures Preliminary efficacy outcomes include maximal oxygen consumption, functional performance, muscular strength and power, fine motor skills, PD symptom severity, and cognitive function. Feasibility will be assessed via recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. Conclusion This study will provide initial evidence on the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a novel combined-limb HIIT protocol for individuals with PD. Findings will inform the development of larger-scale studies and contribute to evidence-based exercise prescriptions aimed at improving functional outcomes and quality of life in individuals with PD.