Stigma in people with epilepsy: an overview of the issue, an evaluation of its burden and possible solutions

Introduction . Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. The burden of epilepsy includes both the direct consequences of the condition and a high rate of comorbid somatic and mental disorders, as well as an increased suicide risk compared with the general population. Additionally, epilepsy is among the most stigmatized diseases of the central nervous system, which significantly raises the likelihood of adverse clinical and social outcomes. The purpose of the study : to synthesize contemporary data on the nature and consequences of stigma in epilepsy and to compare approaches to its prevention and mitigation. Materials and methods . To achieve this objective, the authors analyzed relevant Russian and international literature from peer-reviewed journals and monographs addressing the stigmatization of epilepsy, covering both historical perspectives and the current situation. Results . For millennia, epilepsy has been associated with numerous myths, misconceptions, and prejudices. Discrimination against people with epilepsy has existed for centuries and persists today. Manifestations include restrictions in education, difficulties obtaining employment or being passed over for promotions, problems with marriage and childbearing, social isolation by the community, discrimination from family members, and exclusion from public events. Conclusion . Improving social integration and quality of life for people with epilepsy requires coordinated efforts by government authorities, public organizations, public health leaders, healthcare professionals, patients, and their families.