What is the Impact of Stigma on the Wellbeing of Children with Epilepsy?: A Qualitative Systematic Literature Review

Epilepsy has long been a misunderstood condition that is subject to stigmatised views by society. This systematic review aimed to identify the impact of stigma upon the social, emotional and physical wellbeing of children with epilepsy. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Web of Science Core Collection and ProQuest) were searched for qualitative studies including data about the impact of stigma on children with epilepsy up to July 2025. Studies were excluded if they were review studies or it was not possible to extract qualitative data from children with epilepsy. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria for the review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Using thematic synthesis methodology, six themes were constructed: Suffering from Feeling Different, Navigating Diagnosis Disclosure, Embarrassment, Excessive Displays of Concern, Social Isolation and Contending with Misconceptions and Ignorance. Felt and enacted stigma continue to impact on the lives of children with epilepsy, permeating physical, social and emotional wellbeing. The unique influences on children with epilepsy are discussed, such as the implementation of unnecessary restrictions upon social activity by educational environments. Possible limitations arising from bias, such as inconsistent definitions of stigma and lack of transparency of researcher-participant relationships, are discussed regarding the impact on the themes constructed. Recommendations for improved education about epilepsy in society and more research into the viability of interventions for stigma are made. The review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024560104).