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This is a Quantitative Study study.

An improved forcing scheme for high-density-ratio multiphase flows based on the three-dimensional cumulant lattice Boltzmann method

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Advanced method enhances density ratio in multiphase flows, indicating improved numerical stability and validity.

The new forcing scheme significantly improves stability in high-density-ratio multiphase flows, boosting density ratio by over two orders of magnitude compared to existing methods.
Numerical validation shows enhanced performance with minimal reduced temperatures of 0.135 and 0.387 for planar and curved interfaces under the pseudopotential model.
Through rigorous asymptotic analysis, optimized correction terms achieve thermodynamic consistency while satisfying the Navier–Stokes equations.
The scheme's practical applications are validated through effective simulations of droplet dynamics and ternary droplet coalescence, aligning closely with experimental outcomes.

Kang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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