Pre Sowing Seed Treatments of Panchagavya, Jeevamruth, and Leaf Extract of Neem on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Phule Utkarsha

The study was undertaken during the kharif season of 2021–22 to evaluate the “Effect of pre-sowing seed treatments with selected organic fertilizers on the growth, yield and yield-attributing traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) variety Phule Utkarsha.” The experiment was conducted at the Field Experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The soil of the site was sandy loam with moderate water-holding capacity, a pH between 7.0 and 8.0, and nutrient availability of 125 kg/ha nitrogen, 75 kg/ha phosphorus, and 62.5 kg/ha potassium. The trial was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with thirteen treatments, including a control, each replicated three times. T0-Control, (T1, T2, T3 and T4 Panchagavya - @1%, 3%, 5% and 7%), (T5, T6, T7 and T8 Jeevamruth 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%), (T9, T10, T11 and T12 Neem Leaf Extract @ 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) respectively. The results indicated that seed treatment with Jeevamruth at 7% (T₁₃) performed superior to all other treatments. It recorded the highest field emergence (33.55%), plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAS (35.76 cm, 96.40 cm and 124.73 cm, respectively), and earlier flowering (50% flowering at 53.33 days). The treatment also produced fewer days to maturity (110.67), maximum number of branches per plant (9.53), highest 1000-seed weight (69.67 g), greater number of capsules per plant (42.27), maximum seed yield per plot (0.97 kg), and the highest biological yield (389.67 g). However, the harvest index (41.75%) did not differ significantly from the other treatments.