Feasibility and efficacy of square dancing and elastic band training for sarcopenia in nursing home residents

Background: As the population ages, the prevalence of sarcopenia, particularly in nursing homes, becomes increasingly significant. This muscle degeneration condition commonly affects older adults, but aerobic and resistance exercises have been shown to effectively counteract it. Despite this, there is a notable gap in research focusing on enhancing exercise participation and muscle health among nursing home residents. Furthermore, understanding and improving residents' perceptions and acceptance of these exercise regimens is crucial to foster long-term engagement in physical activity. Methods: This pilot study employs a quasi-experimental cluster-controlled trial design to assess the feasibility of an integrated intervention that combines square dancing with progressive elastic band training for elderly residents in nursing homes who have sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia. Participants are assigned to either an intervention group or a control group at the nursing home cluster level. The intervention consists of a 12-week program conducted 3 times per week, followed by a 12-week observation period. Primary outcome measures include the intervention’s feasibility and acceptability, with secondary outcomes encompassing appendicular skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, physical function, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, balance stability, and falls risk. The study aims to recruit 68 participants based on power analysis calculations to detect significant intervention effects. Discussion: The study investigated a frequently neglected and under-researched group of nursing home residents displaying symptoms of sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia. The findings are expected to lay the groundwork for developing sustainable and effective exercise programs that can markedly improve geriatric care practices and the treatment of sarcopenia.