Investigation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Different Ω3/Ω6 PUFA Ratios on Alzheimer’s Model Induced with Amyloid β1-42 in Human SHSY5Y Cells by In vitro Methods

A BSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic disease characterized by impaired cognitive function. Current treatments for AD are aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. The amount of fatty acid consumption and the balance between them may be protective against neurological diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of different Ω3/Ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines in the AD model induced by Amyloid β 1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells. The viability of cells treated with Ω3 and Ω6 fatty acids was determined by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) genes were determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, and cytokines were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, NF-κB, and TGFβ1 genes were determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, and cytokines were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. According to our study results, a significant decrease was observed in the MTT test after 48 h of Ω3/Ω6 ratios application in 1/1, 1/2, and 1/8 groups, and an increase was observed in 1/4 and 1/16 groups. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions were lowest at 1/4 dose and highest at 1/16 dose. The COX-2 mRNA expression was highest at 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 and lowest at 1/1. TGFβ1 mRNA expression level showed a statistically significant increase at 1/4 and 1/8 doses. Protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were lowest at 1/2 and 1/4 doses. COX-2 and TGFβ1 protein levels were highest at 1/8 and 1/16 ratios, respectively. As a result, when Ω3/Ω6 ratios are used as 1/4 and 1/8, it can reduce neuroinflammation and provide a protective effect against AD.