Lexical Features of Forms of Address in the Russian Language: Borrowings and Unique Forms (Based on Anton Chekhov’s Short Stories)

The study of lexical features of forms of address in the Russian language is relevant for understanding linguistic and cultural evolution of the late 19th century, particularly in Anton Chekhov’s works. The aim is to analyze borrowed and unique forms of address, their origins, stylistic functions, and sociocultural significance in Chekhov’s short stories. Methods include lexical-semantic, stylistic, and sociolinguistic analysis of works such as “Fat and Thin,” “The Darling,” “Lady with the Dog,” and others. Findings reveal that borrowings (“madam,” “Your Excellency”) highlight European cultural influence and irony, while unique forms (“batyushka,” “Vanichka”) reflect characters’ psychological depth and the richness of Russian speech. The results are applicable to teaching Russian language and literature, enhancing understanding of Chekhov’s style. Forms of address serve as a mirror of social and cultural changes, warranting further exploration.