Semantic and Stylistic Features of Neologisms (On the Example of Russian Media)

The modern stage of the development of the Russian language is characterized by active changes in its vocabulary and the process of neologization. A significant part of new words in the Russian language are created using the internal resources of the language, using productive word-formation models. In addition, the vocabulary of the Russian language is replenished through borrowings, the main donor language since the end of the 20th century is English. The semantic structure of words is actively developing: lexemes have new meanings and their compatibility capabilities are expanding. A major role in vocabulary replenishment is played by the mass media, which become a source of penetration into the language of new units, which led to the choice of research material – texts of the Russian media. This article is devoted to the scientific description and understanding of issues related to the analysis of neologisms that have appeared in the language over the past two decades. The latest borrowings and native neologisms, as well as customary and occasional formations, are analyzed on the basis of journalistic texts. The article examines the semantic structure of new words, characterizes their stylistic status, and describes the pragmatics of their use in media texts. Neologization in the media space is due to a number of reasons, the main of which are: the nomination of new realities that have emerged in the life of Russian society; the desire to enhance the impact on the audience. To do this, the authors resort to a greater emotional and expressive charge of the texts, creating new words with pronounced value. An important factor is the change in the norms of the Russian literary language, as a result of which words that were previously uncharacteristic of the journalistic style penetrate the pages of newspapers and online publications. A number of neologisms appeared due to the desire of the authors of journalistic texts to create a certain image of the described realities for readers, for which both euphemisms that soften the described reality and words with negative connotations are used.