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This review examines design criteria and safety assessment methods for infrastructure systems, indicating climate change impacts on safety and risk management.
Climate change may lead to regional increases in the frequencies and intensities of several types of environmental hazards raising the risk to infrastructure systems and their users. This paper reviews the fundamental principles behind structural code developments and their underlying assumptions. It also examines methods to assess the safety of structural systems accounting for the nonstationary nature of climatic hazards. Numerical examples illustrate the application of these approaches for the safety assessment and the design of riverine and coastal flood walls to mitigate the risk of future floods.
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Ghosn et al. (2025) studied this question.
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