Physical properties of natural and processed water using dielectric barrier and gliding arc discharge

In this study, we produced an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier and a gliding arc plasma jet and explored their impact on various physical properties of different natural and processed waters. The investigation was carried out under varying volumes, applied voltages, water sources, exposure times, and gaps between the water surface and the lower point of the nozzle of the gliding arc plasma jet. Changes in physical parameters, such as the potential of hydrogen, oxidation–reduction potential, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity, were examined under different conditions. In addition, the study introduces the characterization of cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge and gliding-arc plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. The highest concentration of physical parameters was observed when the plasma discharge was applied directly to the water surface. The increased applied voltage directly influences the modification of the physical parameters of plasma-activated water. For the remaining conditions constant, the modification of the physical parameters depends on the water source and plasma source. For direct and indirect treatment in natural water, the Sundarijal sample is highly modified compared to other natural water samples, and in the case of processed water, deionized water is more influenced. Our research suggests that for the ongoing application of plasma-activated water in real-world applications, farms need to optimize the water source and determine if the values of physical parameters are suitable for their agricultural applications.