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October 20, 2025Open Access

Batteries vs Fuel Cells for Decarbonizing Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Across Applications

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Authors

MWMaxwell WoodySCSpencer M. CheckowayGKGregory A. Keoleian

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Overview

Life cycle assessment reveals emissions reduction in battery and fuel cell vehicles compared to internal combustion engines, highlighting sustainability options.

Key Points

  • Battery electric vehicles reduce emissions by 89-94% when powered by renewable electricity, showcasing their potential for significant decarbonization.
  • Fuel cell electric vehicles utilizing hydrogen from electrolysis reduce emissions by 81-87%, indicating a strong contender in sustainable transport.
  • Hybrid electric vehicles show a moderate reduction of 1-26% in emissions compared to conventional diesel, emphasizing the need for alternative technologies.
  • Life cycle assessments must also consider renewable electricity consumption and hydrogen leakage to fully evaluate powertrain suitability.

Cite This Study

Woody et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68f5fcdc8d54a28a75cf25f6https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7827939/v1
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Analysis of U.S. Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle-Fuel Pathways: A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment of Current (2021) and Future (2035) Technologies2026
  2. 2Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Cars, Trucks, and Buses2024 · 21 citations
  3. 3Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Cars, Trucks and Buses2024 · 19 citations
  4. 4Efficiency and Emissions of Electric and Hydrogen Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles2024
  5. 5Life cycle assessment guided strategies for achieving zero-waste manufacturing of hydrogen fuel cells and batteries and the advancement of circular and low-carbon technologies for electric vehicles2026 · 1 citations