BMP2 Pan-Cancer Analysis in Multiple Tumor Types of TCGA Datasets

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is essential for bone development and repair in vertebrates. Its role in tumorigenesis and progression remains incompletely characterized. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and bioinformatic tools, we analyzed BMP2 expression, prognostic relevance, genetic alterations, immune infiltration, and signaling pathways across 33 tumor types. BMP2 exhibited elevated expression in tumor tissues of cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), glioblastoma (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients, but reduced expression in 10 other cancers. High BMP2 expression correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), LIHC, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and thyroid carcinoma (THCA) patients, and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in uveal melanoma (UVM) patients. BMP2 mutations and amplifications were frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). BMP2 expression positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration and interacts physically with ACVR2A, BMP4, BMPR1A/B, BMPR2, CALR, and HSPA5. Pathway analysis implicated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. BMP2 expressions and alterations have tissue-specific prognostic implications. BMP2 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in specific tumors via TGF-β signaling modulation.