Does Genetic Variation in Detoxification Capacity Influence Hepatic Biomarker Responses to a Liver Support Supplementation Regimen?

Genetic polymorphisms contribute to inter-individual variation in liver detoxification, influencing susceptibility to exposures and responses to interventions. While urinary biomarkers reflect Phase II activity, the impact of genotype on supplementation response remains unclear. In a pilot, prospective, open-label cohort study, 30 Austrian adults completed an 8-week multi-ingredient liver support supplementation regimen (e.g., glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid). First-morning urine was collected at baseline and follow-up for measurement of D-glucaric acid, mercapturic acids, and creatinine. Dried blood spots were genotyped for polymorphisms in detoxification genes (CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and NQO1), and participants were stratified into normal (NDC) or limited (LDC) detoxification capacity groups. Adherence was monitored through logs, mid-study interviews, and product counts. The intervention led to modest reductions in body weight (−0.87 kg, p < 0.05) and BMI (−0.31 kg/m2, p < 0.05), and significant increases in urinary D-glucaric acid (p < 0.05) and mercapturic acids (p < 0.01), with consistent responses across detoxification genotype groups (p > 0.05). The pattern of biomarker responses based on clinically defined categories did not differ significantly between the study groups (adjusted odds ratio = 2.88, p > 0.05). The observed increases in urinary biomarkers and reductions in weight and BMI are consistent with potential modulation of detoxification pathways following liver support supplementation, independent of genetic polymorphisms influencing detoxification capacity.