Comparison of Different Estrus Synchronization Protocols with or without Biostimulation in Goat

This study evaluated and compared the effects of the Ovsynch and PGF₂α protocols, with or without buck exposure, on estrus onset, duration, intensity, behavioral expression, and fertility in primiparous and multiparous goats during both peak and low breeding seasons. Forty healthy adult female goats were randomly assigned to four groups: group A (Ovsynch + buck exposure), group B (non-treated + buck exposure), group C (PGF₂α + buck exposure), and group D (control, non-treated without buck exposure). Goats in group A exhibited the earliest onset of estrus (40.5 ± 0.60 h during the peak season; 36.9 ± 0.70 h during the low season) and a well-regulated estrus duration (38.7 ± 0.65 h peak; 34.5 ± 0.70 h low). Estrus intensity and behavioral signs were most pronounced in this group, with 80% of multiparous does displaying strong estrus. Fertility rates were also highest in group A (multiparous: 70% peak, 60% low; primiparous: 60% peak, 50% low). Group C exhibited moderate estrus synchronization and conception rates, while group B showed variable estrus behavior and intermediate fertility responses due to male stimulation alone. The control group (D) displayed weak or absent estrus and minimal conception. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the Ovsynch protocol combined with buck exposure is the most effective approach for inducing synchronized, intense, and fertile estrus in goats across both breeding seasons.