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November 1, 2025International Journal of Environmental Research and Public HealthOpen Access

Associations Between Pet Type (Co-Walkable, Indoor-Only, and Ornamental Pets) and Well-Being: Findings from a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

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Authors

KEKaori EndoAMAnri MutohKOK. Ogawa

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Overview

Cross-sectional study finds co-walkable pet ownership links to lower well-being in income and environment among Japanese adults.

Key Points

  • Co-walkable pet ownership is linked to lower well-being in terms of income and environment, indicating complex pet-owner dynamics.
  • Participants who owned pets experienced distinct housing advantages, yet faced economic and safety concerns.
  • Cross-sectional study analyzed data from 10,293 Japanese adults, showing varied outcomes based on pet ownership type.
  • Highlighting the nuanced impact pets have on owner well-being, further research is needed to explore these relationships.

Cite This Study

Endo et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/690550001a99e50463de6affhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22111654
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1What types of pets associate with well-being of their owners in Japan?2025
  2. 2Pet Co-Sleeping and Well-Being: Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Online Surveys of Youths and Adults2026
  3. 3Pet Ownership, Depression, Anxiety, Well-Being, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study2026
  4. 4Pet Ownership and Psychosocial Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Results of a Large Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey2024 · 9 citations
  5. 5Factors of pet ownership associated with human health: A representative cross-sectional survey of Switzerland2026