The importance of knowledge of the physical environment for urban constructions in Amazonian coastal areas: case study in Aturiá, Macapá/AP

This study researches the complexity of the coastal areas of Amapá, Amazon estuary, focusing on the Araxá neighborhood in Macapá, specifically in edge of Aturiá, where occupation is disorderly and the lack of urban planning has caused problems related to erosion, flooding and increased risks to local population. Through a multi-temporal analysis, the loss of territory over the years became evident, resulting from the fragility of the soils and the vulnerability to erosion processes in the region, which are intensified by climatic phenomena such as high tides and intense rains. To understand these impacts, this research used geotechnologies, such as images from Google Earth remote sensors, digital terrain models and drone images, to monitor the evolution of occupation and erosion processes. The results indicate a substantial reduction in vegetation down to the coastline, reflecting increasing pressure on local infrastructure and resident safety. Forecasts suggest the implementation of measures such as retaining walls, geotextiles and drainage systems to stabilize soils and protect against erosion. Furthermore, the need for sustainable public policies and interventions adapted to local environmental conditions is emphasized, aiming not only to mitigate current impacts, but also to prevent future problems in vulnerable coastal areas such as Araxá.