A brain-computer interface roadmap for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders

Currently, the global incidence of neurological disorders is on a continuous upward trend, posing severe challenges to the medical field. However, traditional diagnosis and treatment methods for such diseases are associated with risks arising from invasive procedures, generally low diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency, and more critically, they struggle to achieve precise and personalized treatment, failing to fully meet the individual needs of patients. Against this backdrop, exploring rapid, efficient, and safe diagnosis and treatment protocols for brain diseases has become a core research direction. The emergence of Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology provides a highly promising solution to break through this dilemma and is expected to fundamentally revolutionize the diagnostic and therapeutic models for neurological diseases. By accurately capturing and analyzing brain signals, BCI offers a brand-new pathway for restoring lost physiological functions in patients, as well as regulating and enhancing brain activity, bringing new hope to numerous patients afflicted by neurological disorders. Here we systematically review the latest research progress of BCI technology in recent years and focus on analyzing its potential clinical application value in the fields of sensory disorders, motor disorders, cognitive disorders, and mental disorders. The research insights and technical directions summarized in this review aim to provide inspiration for subsequent research in this field, promote the development of BCI technology towards a more mature and practical direction, and ultimately provide more effective diagnostic and therapeutic means for patients with neurological disorders, helping them improve their quality of life and regain hope for health.