Increased Serum Levels of LDHA and TPI1 in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age, and its etiology remains unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers of the metabolic disturbances in PCOS. Methods A total of eight clinical PCOS samples and control group samples were analyzed using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Clinical data were used to identify protein biomarkers, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation was performed on 27 PCOS and 23 control samples. Results In the PCOS samples, a total of 114 differentially expressed proteins were identified, with 37 upregulated and 77 downregulated. Further biofunctional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways revealed two differentially expressed proteins, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), both of which were significantly upregulated in clinical PCOS samples. LDHA and TPI1 are involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway. Finally, ELISA was used to validate the high expression of LDHA and TPI1 in PCOS patients. Conclusion DIA proteomics effectively identifies PCOS biomarkers. LDHA and TPI1 may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and could exert effects through glycolytic pathways.