What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to analyze the relationship between fruit production and GDP in Saudi Arabia over time.

November 21, 2025Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsOpen Access

Modeling the fruit production-GDP Nexus in Saudi Arabia: evidence from cointegration and vector error correction model techniques

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Authors

RERaga M. Elzaki MMMohammed Al Mahish NRNahed M. Rashed

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Implication

This analysis demonstrates long-term equilibrium between GDP and fruit production in Saudi Arabia, suggesting the need for market integration and crop diversification.

Key Points

This research aims to analyze the relationship between fruit production and GDP in Saudi Arabia over time.
Analyzed annual time series data from 1970 to 2023
Used cointegration techniques to assess long-run relationships
Applied the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for dynamic interactions
Investigated the effects of grapes, dates, and watermelon production on GDP
Found a long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and fruit production
Grapes and dates showed significant interactions with GDP
Watermelon production exhibited mixed effects but potential for long-term contribution
Short-term disequilibrium corrected over time according to the error correction term (ECT)

Cite This Study

Elzaki et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6924e3e6c0ce034ddc34ebee https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1673399

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Implication

This analysis demonstrates long-term equilibrium between GDP and fruit production in Saudi Arabia, suggesting the need for market integration and crop diversification.

Modeling the fruit production-GDP Nexus in Saudi Arabia: evidence from cointegration and vector error correction model techniques

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Modeling the fruit production-GDP Nexus in Saudi Arabia: evidence from cointegration and vector error correction model techniques

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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