Data analysis reveals ethnic inequalities in neighborhood exposures among ethnic minority populations, highlighting socio-economic and safety disparities.
Physico-chemical exposure, socio-economic characteristics of the environment and safety from crime were less favorable among ethnic minority populations compared to Dutch-origin. The food and physical activity environment was more favorable for ethnic minorities. Ethnic inequalities were most pronounced among Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese and Dutch Caribbeans compared to Dutch-origin.
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Muilwijk et al. (2025) studied this question.
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