Review article discusses efficacy of endoscopic closure techniques for perforations and fistulae, indicating advancements in minimally invasive treatment options.
Full-thickness gastrointestinal tract defects (FGTD) has been an unsettling occurrence in clinical practice. With advancing technology, many of these events are now being managed endoscopically in a minimally invasive manner, and surgery is being increasingly reserved for refractory cases. Available devices for their treatment include through-the-scope (TTS) clips, over-the-scope (OTS) clips, endoscopic suturing devices, self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). In this review, we present available literature on the different techniques for endoscopic defect closure, and discuss their indications, limitations and efficacy.
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Costa et al. (2025) studied this question.
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