Exploring the gendered legitimate peripheral participation in family SMEs–unveiling gender dynamics in knowledge transfer and leadership development

Purpose This study examines how intergenerational dynamics shaped by gendered expectations influence the legitimate peripheral participation (LPP) of junior members in women-led family SMEs. It explores the impact of these dynamics on knowledge transfer, professional development and emotional outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work engagement. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with junior family members in 10 Italian women-led SMEs across diverse industries. The methodology highlights juniors' narratives and perceptions to understand their integration into family businesses through the LPP framework. Findings The study reveals that intergenerational dynamics often delay juniors' strategic integration, particularly due to incumbents' attachment to the business and cultural biases. Daughters face additional barriers, such as limited access to decision-making, but sons also experience delayed participation. External mentors, including fathers and non-family managers, play a critical role in supporting juniors' professional growth and emotional balance. Research limitations/implications The study's reliance on a single national context and qualitative methods limits generalizability. Future research could adopt cross-national and mixed-method approaches to capture broader patterns. Practical implications Structured mentorship programs, gender-sensitive governance strategies and expanded communities of practice are recommended to support equitable leadership development and knowledge transfer. Social implications The findings emphasize the need to challenge traditional gender norms and promote inclusivity in family businesses, contributing to sustainable generational transitions. Originality/value This research advances the understanding of LPP by highlighting the ambivalent role of female incumbents in perpetuating traditional power structures, providing a nuanced perspective on gendered dynamics in family SMEs.