From Pores to Power: Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies are crucial for addressing the global energy crisis and promoting the efficient use of renewable energy sources. Zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) have emerged as pivotal materials in electrochemical energy storage and conversion due to their exceptional structural robustness, tunable porosity, and high specific surface area. This review comprehensively explores their applications in batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis (HER, OER, CO 2 RR), and solid‐state electrolytes, highlighting recent advancements and design strategies for enhancing electrochemical performance. By leveraging hierarchical pore structures, functionalized ligands, and composite engineering, Zr‐MOFs address critical challenges such as polysulfide shuttling in lithium–sulfur batteries, dendrite growth in zinc‐ion batteries, and sluggish reaction kinetics in electrocatalysis. The synergistic effects of Zr 6 clusters and tailored frameworks enable superior ion transport, stability, and energy density. Despite progress, challenges like low intrinsic conductivity and scalability remain. Future directions include dynamic mechanism studies, multi‐field coupling analyses, and intelligent material design to unlock Zr‐MOFs’ full potential. This work underscores their transformative role in advancing sustainable energy technologies.