Neuroprotective Effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Oil on Tic Disorders Through Regulation of the Serotonergic Synaptic Pathway and the Gut Microbiome

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Oil (XSBO), a type of edible oil derived from a Chinese oilseed crop, is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds and has been recognized for its neuroprotective properties. Tic disorders (TD), a common and complex neurological disorder, are characterized by a multifaceted etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic interventions. Our research pioneers the exploration of XSBO's ability to ameliorate both behavioral symptoms and pathological changes associated with TD. We found that XSBO can activate the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, protect dopaminergic neurons, and thereby exert neuroprotective effects. In addition, XSBO has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties that contribute to the attenuation of neuroinflammatory processes. In addition, XSBO has been shown to modulate the balance of the gut microbiome, correcting dysbiosis and, in turn, influencing the serotonergic synaptic pathway, which is critical for the amelioration and management of TD. In essence, XSBO presents a therapeutic profile for TD through a multi‐pronged approach that includes neuroprotection, anti‐inflammatory activity, and modulation of the brain‐gut axis. This study not only delineates the mechanisms by which XSBO exerts its effects in the treatment of TD but also provides critical evidence to further refine its clinical use.