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November 14, 2025ConservationOpen Access

Environmental Drivers of Immature Whale Shark Surface Sightings in the Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti

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Authors

FRFrancesca Romana ReineroAMAndrea MarsellaGVGaetano Vitale

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Overview

Analysis using a Generalized Additive Model reveals environmental drivers impacting whale shark sightings and conservation strategies.

Key Points

  • Investigate the environmental factors influencing immature whale shark surface sightings in Djibouti.
  • Analyzed data across five years (2017, 2020, 2022, 2024, 2025) using a Generalized Additive Model and Hurdle model.
  • Examined 111 surface sightings and 83 photo-identified whale sharks.
  • Measured effects of sea surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature on sightings.
  • Significant effects of sea surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature on whale shark abundance (p < 0.001).
  • Hill positive impact of wind strength on sightings was weaker and more localized (p < 0.05).
  • Surface sightings increased when chlorophyll-a exceeded 0.5 mg/m−3 and temperature was above 26 °C.

Cite This Study

Reinero et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/692519a7c0ce034ddc353f65https://doi.org/10.3390/conservation5040068
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Environmental Variability and Chlorophyll-a Are Associated with Immature Whale Shark Surface Sightings in Nosy Be, Madagascar2026
  2. 2Flow-driven patterns of whale shark movement in the Red Sea2026
  3. 3Occurrence of whale sharks (2026
  4. 4A 15‐Year Time Series Shows Major Declines in Whale Sharks in Southern Mozambique2025
  5. 5Preliminary Observations of Environmental Effects on Immature Whale Shark Surface Feeding Behaviour in Nosy Be, Madagascar2026