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November 1, 2025Water Environment Research

From Home to Hazard: Tracking PFAS From Residential Wastewater Through Wastewater Treatment Sludge to Sludge‐Derived Ash

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Authors

KMKhalid MustafaGFGiacomo de FalcoZZZhiming Zhang

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Overview

Study reveals wastewater treatment plants are significant PFAS sources, indicating the need for better treatment strategies.

Key Points

  • This research aims to quantitatively assess the occurrence and fate of PFAS in municipal wastewater treatment.
  • Analyzing PFAS levels across three wastewater treatment plants with varying capacities.
  • Utilizing composite and grab sampling for wastewater influent and effluent assessments.
  • Employing total oxidizable precursor assays to evaluate PFAS transformation during treatment.
  • Influent PFAS levels ranged from 157 to 365 ng/L, with effluent levels showing site-specific variation.
  • Sludge samples indicated significantly higher PFAS concentrations than aqueous samples, dominated by short-chain PFCAs.
  • Incineration of sludge resulted in approximately 99% reduction of PFAS content in ash.

Cite This Study

Mustafa et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69254f7dc0ce034ddc3590c7https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70214
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