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July 23, 2026Environmental Science and Pollution ResearchOpen Access

Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their precursors in biosolids across 15 U.S. states

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Authors

XYXiayan YeAMAmith S. MaroliSCSanthoshi Chitthaluri

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Overview

Randomized trial assesses PFAS levels in biosolids, suggesting ongoing human health risks.

Key Points

  • This research aims to measure the levels of PFAS in biosolids and assess their health risks.
  • Analyzed 27 biosolid samples from 15 U.S. states using EPA Method 1633 and TOP assay.
  • Measured dominant PFAS including PFOA, PFOS, and FTCA.
  • Evaluated changes in PFAS levels during wastewater treatment.
  • Total PFAS ranged from 2 to 807 ng/g, with significant presence of FTCA and PFOS.
  • Measured PFAS increased significantly from 17.3 ng/g to 150 ng/g during the treatment process.
  • PFOA and PFOS levels declined by over 80% since 2001 but remain above risk thresholds.

Cite This Study

Ye et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a61b056faa9903c5116aeeehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38066-3
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at a 40-year dedicated municipal biosolids land disposal site2024 · 6 citations
  2. 2Surveillance of PFAS in sludge and biosolids at 12 water resource recovery facilities2024 · 11 citations
  3. 3From Home to Hazard: Tracking PFAS From Residential Wastewater Through Wastewater Treatment Sludge to Sludge‐Derived Ash2025
  4. 4PFAS in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment: Process-Level Insights into Transformation and Removal2026 · 1 citations
  5. 5Assessing PFAS and Their Precursor Transformation in a Landfill Leachate‐Impacted Wastewater Treatment Plant2025