Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Progression by Exosomal MiR‐486‐3p

Background The global burden of prostate cancer (PC) is considerable, as it is one of the most prevalent male malignancies, posing notable challenges to treatment and prognosis. While targeted therapies have expanded therapeutic options, novel molecular strategies are still needed. This investigation assessed the impact of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (BMMSC‐Exos) enriched with microRNA‐486‐3p (miR‐486‐3p) on the malignant properties of PC cells. Methods A total of 100 prostatectomy patients provided tumor and adjacent nontumorous prostate tissues during the period 2021–2022. BMMSC‐Exos were isolated, verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting, and then cocultured with human PC‐3 cells. Expression of miR‐486‐3p was modulated using miRNA mimics and inhibitors. Functional assays, including reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Transwell migration, and flow cytometry, were used to assess cell viability, migration, and apoptosis. Results BMMSC‐Exos exhibited typical exosomal morphology and expressed high levels of CD63, CD81, and CD9. In comparison to matched normal tissues, miR‐486‐3p was notably suppressed in tumor samples, but highly enriched in BMMSC‐Exos compared to BMMSCs. miR‐486‐3p enrichment in BMMSC‐Exos led to a notable decrease in PC‐3 cell proliferation and motility, along with increased apoptotic activity. Conclusion Through suppression of proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis, BMMSC‐Exo‐derived miR‐486‐3p exerts antitumor effects in PC in vitro. The observed effects suggest the potential therapeutic value of BMMSC‐Exos as a delivery vehicle for miR‐486‐3p and provide new insights into targeted strategies for PC treatment.