Coherence enhanced by detrained oscillators: Breaking π -reflection symmetry

We study a generalized Kuramoto model in which each oscillator carries two coupled phase variables, representing a minimal swarmalator system. Assuming perfect correlation between the intrinsic frequencies associated with each phase variable, we identify a novel dynamic mode characterized by bounded oscillatory motion that breaks the π-reflection symmetry. This symmetry breaking enhances global coherence and gives rise to a non-trivial mixed state, marked by distinct degrees of ordering in each variable. Numerical simulations confirm our analytic predictions for the full phase diagram, including the nature of the transition. Our results reveal a fundamental mechanism through which detrained (dynamic) oscillators can promote global synchronization, offering broad insights into coupled dynamical systems beyond the classical Kuramoto paradigm.