December 4, 2025MedicineOpen Access

Association between nitrogen oxides and COVID-19 risk: A Mendelian randomization study

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Mendelian randomization reveals a significant association between nitrogen oxides and COVID-19 risk, highlighting the impact of air pollution.

COVID-19 risk significantly increases with nitrogen oxides exposure, with an odds ratio of 3.76.
Data from the UK Biobank supports a link with potential causality for nitrogen dioxide as well.
Analysis combined multiple methods, including inverse-variance weighting and scatter plots, for reliability.
Highlighting the need for air pollution control measures to mitigate COVID-19 progression.

Chen et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Mendelian randomization reveals a significant association between nitrogen oxides and COVID-19 risk, highlighting the impact of air pollution.