Being a complex, multi‑aspect, multi‑dimensional layer of social phenomena, legal phenomena determine the essence, foundations and structure of the legal system of society, which is a complexly organized legal phenomenon and at the same time an object of study of legal science, based on its inherent conceptual and categorical series. This sets the task of understanding the basic concepts and categories related to the theory of the legal system of society (system, composition, structure, legal culture, legal consciousness, etc.), based on philosophical and specific scientific approaches. From the standpoint of theoretical and methodological analysis, the very concept of the legal system of society, which is of primary importance for determining the place and role of law as a regulator of social relations and the effective resolution of complex issues of lawmaking and law enforcement, requires close study. The structural approach to the study (method of structural analysis) of legal phenomena is of great importance and allows us to establish unity and integrity, a substantial and logical connection between the components of the legal system. The currently existing set of theories and various definitions that reveal individual aspects, moments and sides of the legal system of society reflect the complexity and versatility of the phenomenon itself. This factor explains the absence in science of a generally accepted theory of the legal system of society and mutually agreed definitions. Such a situation in science is also caused by subjective moments, which boil down to the fact that the concept of legal system designates the most diverse phenomena and objects. The epistemological aspects of the legal system of society as a systemic phenomenon lead to important conclusions. Firstly, like any systemic phenomenon, the legal system of society appears as a nonequilibrium, open system, which is in continuous information exchange with the external environment. Secondly, the legal system of society has an immanent feature of development, determined by the interaction between the components of the system and the external environment. Thirdly, the legal system of society is an organic system, where the components that make up it acquire additional new qualities so that the system as a whole has broader functional capabilities compared to a mechanistic system. The legal system can be considered as a historically conditioned self‑organizing system. Its components, being homogeneous, are united into a whole around the core — the system of law as existing in a given historical era.
Guzel AZNAGULOVA (Wed,) studied this question.