Sini San ameliorates symptoms of depression by modulating gut microbiota structure, Tryptophan metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid levels

The present study suggests that the antidepressant effects of SNS can be attributed to its ability to modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, consequently regulating tryptophan metabolism and SCFA levels, which ultimately ameliorate symptoms of depression. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the concept of the brain-gut axis in depression treatment and lay a foundation for further investigation of the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of the SNS.